Introduction
Carrots are a staple in many kitchens due to their versatility and sweet, crunchy texture. They are relatively easy to grow and can be harvested over a long period, making them an excellent choice for gardeners in the southeast UK.
Why grow carrots?
Carrots are rich in beta-carotene, fibre, vitamin K1, potassium, and antioxidants. Growing your own carrots ensures they are fresh, free from chemicals, and you can choose from a wide variety of colours and shapes not commonly found in stores.
Suitability for different growing environments
Carrots thrive in loose, sandy soil that is free from stones and other obstructions. They prefer full sun but can tolerate partial shade. Carrots are best grown in the ground, raised beds, or deep containers to accommodate their long roots.
Lifecycle
Carrots are biennial plants typically grown as annuals. They are sown directly into the soil from early spring to mid-summer. Depending on the variety, carrots can be harvested from 10 to 16 weeks after sowing.
Sowing and harvesting periods
- Sowing: March to July
- Harvesting: June to November
Recommended varieties
Popular carrot varieties for the UK include:
- ‘Nantes 2’
- ‘Autumn King’
- ‘Chantenay Red Cored’
- ‘Paris Market’
How to sow
Sow carrot seeds directly into the soil, ½ inch (1.25 cm) deep, in rows 6-8 inches (15-20 cm) apart. Thin seedlings to 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) apart once they are large enough to handle. Successional sowing every three weeks will ensure a continuous harvest.
How to prick out/pot on
Carrots are best sown directly into their final growing position as they do not transplant well. Thin the seedlings as they grow to prevent overcrowding.
Where to plant
Choose a sunny location with well-drained, loose soil. Carrots prefer sandy or loamy soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Avoid stony or heavy clay soils, which can cause the roots to become misshapen.
How many to plant (spacing)
Sow carrot seeds thinly along the rows. Thin seedlings to 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) apart to allow enough space for the roots to develop properly.
How to plant
Prepare the soil by removing stones and adding compost or well-rotted manure to improve fertility and drainage. Rake the soil to a fine tilth before sowing the seeds. Water the soil thoroughly after sowing and keep it consistently moist until the seeds germinate.
Protecting your plants
Carrots can be susceptible to carrot fly, which can be deterred by using insect-proof netting or planting in a windy location. Companion planting with onions or garlic can also help repel carrot fly.
How to feed and water
Carrots do not require heavy feeding. Add compost or well-rotted manure to the soil before planting. Water regularly, especially during dry periods, to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Mulching can help retain moisture and reduce weed competition.
How to propagate, prune/manage while growing
Carrots are grown from seed and do not require pruning. Thin seedlings to the recommended spacing to allow the roots to grow properly. Keep the soil weed-free to reduce competition for nutrients and water.
How and when to harvest
Harvest carrots when they reach the desired size, usually 10-16 weeks after sowing. Use a garden fork to gently lift the roots from the soil to avoid damaging them. For a continuous supply, sow seeds every three weeks.
How to store
Carrots can be stored in a cool, dark place for several months. Remove the tops to prevent them from drawing moisture from the roots. Alternatively, store carrots in the refrigerator in a perforated plastic bag for up to a month.
How to eat/cook
Carrots can be eaten raw, roasted, boiled, steamed, or added to soups and stews. They are a versatile vegetable that can be used in salads, side dishes, and even desserts like carrot cake.
How to deal with pests and disease
Carrot fly is the most common pest affecting carrots. Use insect-proof netting or companion planting to deter them. Practice crop rotation to prevent soil-borne diseases like root rot and powdery mildew.
When and how to remove the plants
Remove carrot plants after harvesting by pulling them out of the ground. Compost the plant material or dispose of it if there are signs of disease. Prepare the soil for the next crop by adding compost or well-rotted manure.
What to plant before and after
Carrots do well following legumes like peas and beans, which help fix nitrogen in the soil. Leafy greens like lettuce and spinach are also suitable preceding crops. After harvesting carrots, plant leafy greens or legumes to replenish the soil. Brassicas like broccoli and cauliflower can also follow carrots in crop rotation.
What to interplant with
Carrots can be interplanted with onions, leeks, or garlic, which help repel carrot fly. Radishes are another good companion, as they grow quickly and can be harvested before the carrots need the space. Avoid planting carrots near dill or parsnips, which can attract similar pests.