Introduction
Brussels sprouts are a classic winter vegetable, known for their distinctive flavour and high nutritional value. They are relatively easy to grow and thrive in the cooler climate of the southeast UK.
Why grow Brussels sprouts?
Brussels sprouts are rich in vitamins A, C, and K, as well as folate and fibre. Growing your own ensures they are fresh, free from chemicals, and you can choose from a variety of cultivars that offer different flavours and textures.
Suitability for different growing environments
Brussels sprouts prefer fertile, well-drained soil and a sunny position. They can tolerate light shade and do well in the cooler temperatures of autumn and winter. They are best grown in the ground due to their size and nutrient requirements.
Lifecycle
Brussels sprouts are biennial plants usually grown as annuals. They are typically sown in early spring and harvested from late autumn through winter. The plants grow tall and sturdy, producing sprouts along the stem over several months.
Sowing and harvesting periods
- Sowing: March to April
- Harvesting: October to March
Recommended varieties
Popular Brussels sprout varieties for the UK include:
- ‘Oliver’
- ‘Diablo’
- ‘Trafalgar’
- ‘Maximus’
How to sow
Sow Brussels sprout seeds indoors in seed trays or modules in March to April. Sow seeds ½ inch (1.25 cm) deep and keep the soil moist. Transplant seedlings to their final growing positions when they are about 4 inches (10 cm) tall, typically in May to June.
How to prick out/pot on
When seedlings have two true leaves, transplant them into larger pots or modules if they are not yet ready to be planted out. This will give them more space to develop strong roots.
Where to plant
Choose a sunny location with fertile, well-drained soil. Brussels sprouts prefer a soil pH between 6.5 and 7.5. Prepare the soil by adding plenty of compost or well-rotted manure before planting.
How many to plant (spacing)
Space plants 24 inches (60 cm) apart in rows 24-36 inches (60-90 cm) apart. This allows enough room for the plants to grow and for air to circulate, reducing the risk of disease.
How to plant
Transplant seedlings to their final positions in May to June. Firm the soil around the base of each plant to provide support. Water well after planting and continue to keep the soil moist throughout the growing season.
Protecting your plants
Use netting to protect young plants from birds and cabbage white butterflies. Cover the soil with mulch to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Stake taller plants to prevent them from toppling over in strong winds.
How to feed and water
Brussels sprouts are heavy feeders. Apply a general-purpose fertiliser when planting and again in midsummer. Water regularly, especially during dry periods, to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
How to propagate, prune/manage while growing
Brussels sprouts are grown from seed and do not require pruning. Remove any yellowing leaves to improve air circulation and reduce the risk of disease. Earth up the soil around the base of the plants to provide additional support.
How and when to harvest
Harvest sprouts from the bottom of the stem upwards when they are about 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter and firm to the touch. Twist or cut the sprouts from the stem. Sprouts can be harvested from late autumn through winter.
How to store
Brussels sprouts can be stored in a cool, dark place for up to a week. Alternatively, they can be frozen for longer storage. Blanch the sprouts in boiling water for a few minutes, then cool them quickly in ice water before freezing.
How to eat/cook
Brussels sprouts can be steamed, boiled, roasted, or sautéed. They make a delicious side dish and can be added to casseroles, stir-fries, and salads. For a sweeter flavour, try roasting them with a drizzle of olive oil and a sprinkle of salt.
How to deal with pests and disease
Common pests include cabbage white butterflies, aphids, and slugs. Use netting to protect plants and remove pests by hand if necessary. Practice crop rotation to prevent soil-borne diseases such as clubroot and downy mildew.
When and how to remove the plants
Remove plants after they have finished cropping, usually in late winter. Pull up the entire plant and compost it if there are no signs of disease. Prepare the soil for the next crop by adding compost or well-rotted manure.
What to plant before and after
Brussels sprouts do well following legumes such as peas and beans, which help fix nitrogen in the soil. Leafy greens like spinach and lettuce are also suitable preceding crops. After harvesting Brussels sprouts, plant root vegetables like carrots or beets, or leafy greens like kale and Swiss chard. Brassicas should not be planted in the same spot for at least three years to prevent disease build-up.
What to interplant with
Brussels sprouts can be interplanted with companion plants such as onions, garlic, and marigolds, which help repel pests. Avoid planting near other brassicas to reduce the risk of pests and diseases spreading.